What defines raw milk as a commodity?

Raw milk is dairy produce; milk and cream not concentrated, containing no added sugar, with a fat content by weight exceeding 1% but not exceeding 6%.

What are the main safety considerations for buyers of raw milk?

Buyers must follow FDA guidance for dairy farms and bulk milk transporters, implementing food‑security preventive measures to manage microbial risks.

Raw Milk

Raw milk is a dairy product consisting of milk and cream that is not concentrated and contains no added sugars. It has a fat content by weight between 1% and 6%.

Prices, specifications and international trade for raw milk under HS 040120.

Raw Milk Price

$943USD/t

Published reference · Jul 1, 2026

Raw Milk Historical Unit Values

Raw milk is quoted in USD/t at DEU. Historical customs values may differ from the headline reference.

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Raw Milk Exports and Imports

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Germany led reported raw milk exports in 2025, at $915M.

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Raw Milk Facts and HS Code

Raw milk belongs to dairy within protein and dairy. Its customs classification covers HS 040120.

Raw Milk HS Code

Product type	Raw
Form	Fresh
Position in the chain	Primary
Category	Dairy — Protein and dairy
HS codes	040120
Quoted in	USD/t
Reference location	DEU

Production & Handling

Raw milk handling information covers its fresh form.

Production and Storage

Perishability	High
Temperature regime	Chilled

Uses & Risks

Raw milk uses, related products and documented risks.

Uses and Related Commodities

Standards	codex CXG 13-1991 — Guidelines for the Preservation of Raw Milk by Use of the Lactoperoxidase System codex CXG 99-2023 — Guidelines for the Control of Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli (STEC) in Raw Beef, Fresh Leafy Vegetables, Raw Milk and Raw Milk Cheeses, and Sprouts

Sourcing risks

Risk	Category	Severity	Mitigation
Bacterial contamination Food safetyHigh Raw milk can contain pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and Listeria, posing a serious health risk when consumed without pasteurization.	Food safety	High	Implement strict on‑farm hygiene, conduct regular microbial testing, and apply pasteurization before distribution.
Regulatory restrictions PolicyMedium Legal status and permitting requirements for raw milk vary by jurisdiction, limiting market access and creating compliance challenges.	Policy	Medium	Monitor local regulations, obtain necessary permits, and ensure labeling complies with applicable laws.

Raw Milk Questions

What defines raw milk as a commodity?: Raw milk is dairy produce; milk and cream not concentrated, containing no added sugar, with a fat content by weight exceeding 1% but not exceeding 6%.
What are the main safety considerations for buyers of raw milk?: Buyers must follow FDA guidance for dairy farms and bulk milk transporters, implementing food‑security preventive measures to manage microbial risks.