Peppers

Peppers are fresh vegetables harvested from the capsicum and pimenta genera and are traded as raw agricultural commodities. They are typically stored under chilled conditions to preserve quality and extend shelf life.

Prices, specifications and international trade for peppers under HS 070960.

Peppers Price

$2,754USD/t

Published reference · Jul 1, 2026

Peppers Historical Unit Values

Peppers is quoted in USD/t at ESP. Historical customs values may differ from the headline reference.

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Peppers Exports and Imports

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Spain led reported peppers exports in 2025, at $1.9B.

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Peppers Specifications and Quality

Peppers grading factors include Degree of development, Variety characteristics, and Surface defect allowance.

Grading Factors

Quality assessment for peppers considers Degree of development, Variety characteristics, and Surface defect allowance.

  • Degree of development

    Harvested at an appropriate stage of maturity according to the variety and growing region.

  • Variety characteristics

    Must be characteristic of the declared Capsicum variety and meet the specified pungency level.

  • Surface defect allowance

    Defects may affect up to 0.5 % of the surface for Class I, up to 2.0 % for Class II, and up to 3.0 % for Class III.

Typical Specification Ranges

Peppers specifications record pungency. These are typical ranges, not guarantees for an individual lot.

Pungencyfrom 900 Scoville Heat Units

Common Defects

Recorded defects for peppers include Superficial blemishes and Rotting or deterioration.

  • Superficial blemishes

    Minor surface imperfections that do not affect appearance, keeping quality, or package presentation, limited to the allowed percentage of the surface.

  • Rotting or deterioration

    Any decay that renders the pepper unfit for consumption; such produce is excluded from all classes.

Certifications

Certifications documented for peppers include Codex Standard CXS 307‑2011. Their applicability depends on the individual product and shipment.

  • Codex Standard CXS 307‑2011

    International standard for commercial varieties of fresh chilli peppers covering grading, defect limits, and packaging requirements.

Peppers Facts and HS Code

Peppers belongs to fresh vegetables within produce, nuts, spices and food ingredients. Its customs classification covers HS 070960.

Peppers HS Code

Also known asFresh chilli
Product typeRaw
FormFresh
Position in the chainPrimary
CategoryFresh vegetables — Produce, nuts, spices and food ingredients
HS codes070960
Quoted inUSD/t
Reference locationESP

Production & Handling

Processing steps for peppers include Harvesting, Cleaning and washing, Sorting and grading.

Production and Storage

PerishabilityHigh
Temperature regimeChilled
Processing steps
  1. Harvesting
  2. Cleaning and washing
  3. Sorting and grading
  4. Packaging (fresh or chilled)
  5. Drying (for dried peppers)
  6. Grinding or pulverising (for powdered spice)

Packaging

Typical peppers packaging includes Ventilated cartons and Bulk bags.

  • Ventilated cartons

    Boxes with ventilation to protect the produce while allowing airflow, commonly used for fresh peppers.

  • Bulk bags

    Large woven bags for bulk shipments, often with internal liners to protect the peppers.

Uses & Risks

Peppers is used in Fresh consumption, Processed foods, and Spice production.

End Uses

  • Fresh consumption

    Whole peppers sold fresh for culinary use in salads, cooking and garnishing

  • Processed foods

    Peppers used in sauces, relishes, canned products and frozen vegetable mixes

  • Spice production

    Dried and ground peppers providing paprika, chili powder and other powdered seasonings

Uses and Related Commodities

Downstream industriesFood processing, Condiment manufacturing, Snack production, Restaurant and catering services
Standards
  • codex CXS 307-2011 Standard for Chilli Peppers
  • codex CXS 326-2017 Standard for Black, White and Green Peppers
Leading originsAlgeria, China, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Mexico, Nigeria, Spain, Türkiye, United States

Sourcing risks

RiskMitigation
Contamination by pathogens
Food safetyHigh

Peppers can become contaminated with bacteria such as Salmonella or E. coli during harvesting, handling, or storage, posing a risk to consumer health.

Implement Good Agricultural Practices, enforce hygiene protocols in packing facilities, and conduct regular microbial testing of batches.
Extreme weather events
ClimateMedium

Heatwaves, drought, or excessive rainfall can stress pepper plants, leading to lower yields and increased susceptibility to disease.

Adopt resilient varieties, employ irrigation scheduling, and use protective structures such as shade nets or drainage systems.
Insect infestation
PestMedium

Aphids, thrips, and fruit flies may infest pepper crops, reducing yield and quality and potentially spreading plant viruses.

Use integrated pest management, monitor fields with pheromone traps, and apply approved biological controls when thresholds are exceeded.
Cold chain disruptions
LogisticsLow

Peppers are often shipped chilled; interruptions in refrigeration can cause rapid quality degradation and spoilage.

Maintain temperature-controlled transport, use real-time monitoring devices, and have contingency plans for backup cooling equipment.

Peppers Questions

What are the quality classes for fresh chilli peppers?
Chilli peppers are classified into three classes. Class I requires superior quality with only very slight superficial defects covering up to 0.5% of the surface. Class II allows good quality with slight defects covering up to 2.0% of the surface. Class III includes peppers that meet minimum requirements, allowing defects covering up to 3.0% of the surface, provided essential characteristics are retained.
How should fresh chilli peppers be packed for transport?
Fresh chilli peppers must be packed to protect the produce properly, using materials that keep the peppers intact and maintain their quality during handling and shipment.